|   | 43 | - We referred to the GitHub repositories: | 
          
          
            |   | 44 |    - [https://github.com/o-ran-sc/it-tifg] | 
          
          
            |   | 45 |    - [https://github.com/o-ran-sc/oam/tree/master/solution] [[BR]]  | 
          
          
            |   | 46 |    These were mentioned by Alex. | 
          
          
            |   | 47 | - After studying the README files of the repositories, we understood that we need to set up two frameworks: | 
          
          
            |   | 48 |    - '''Service Management and Orchestration (SMO) for Operations and Maintenance (OAM)''' and '''O-RU framework''' to test the '''Hybrid M-plane'''. | 
          
          
            |   | 49 | - '''Prerequisites:''' [[BR]]  | 
          
          
            |   | 50 |   The solution was tested on a virtual machine (VM) with the following configuration: | 
          
          
            |   | 51 |   - 4 CPU cores | 
          
          
            |   | 52 |   - 16 GB RAM | 
          
          
            |   | 53 |   - 50 GB storage | 
          
          
            |   | 54 |   - Python 3.12 (default in Ubuntu 24.04) | 
          
          
            |   | 55 |   - Docker installed | 
          
          
            |   | 56 | - Firstly, we started by setting up the '''SMO for OAM''' framework and performed a step-by-step environment setup: | 
          
          
            |   | 57 |   - Created .env files | 
          
          
            |   | 58 |   - Configured domain settings | 
          
          
            |   | 59 |   - Built docker compose infrastructure | 
          
          
            |   | 60 |   - Simulated various network services (e.g., controller, VES collector) | 
          
          
            |   | 61 |   - Debugged and resolved common setup issues such as: | 
          
          
            |   | 62 |         - health checks | 
          
          
            |   | 63 |         - certificate installation (OpenDaylight) | 
          
          
            |   | 64 |         - DNS/host issues | 
          
          
            |   | 65 | - The '''OpenDaylight controller''' requires a certificate to be  installed before it can be launched. It is installed via [https://docs.opendaylight.org/en/latest/downloads.html] | 
          
          
            |   | 66 | - '''OpenDaylight:''' [[BR]] | 
          
          
            |   | 67 |   OpenDaylight (ODL) is an open-source, modular, and extensible Software-Defined Networking (SDN) platform designed to enable centralized network control and programmability. In the context of the O-RU and SMO frameworks for testing the Hybrid Management Plane (Hybrid M-plane) in O-RAN architecture, OpenDaylight acts as the SDN controller responsible for managing and orchestrating network services, configurations, and state synchronization between components. | 
          
          
            |   | 68 |  | 
          
          
            |   | 69 | Within the SMO (Service Management and Orchestration) framework, OpenDaylight plays a critical role in: | 
          
          
            |   | 70 | - Controlling and automating the configuration of the O-RU (O-RAN Radio Unit) over standardized interfaces (e.g., NetConf/YANG). | 
          
          
            |   | 71 | - Simulating or managing the communication across the O-RAN M-plane, which blends traditional and virtualized infrastructure. | 
          
          
            |   | 72 | - Ensuring secure and policy-driven operations, such as certificate handling, device onboarding, and performance monitoring. | 
          
          
            |   | 73 | Its extensibility and compatibility with O-RAN-defined models make OpenDaylight a foundational component for building a reference implementation that reflects the goals of a disaggregated, interoperable RAN. | 
          
          
            |   | 74 |         |