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Basic LTE Tutorial
Objective
This tutorial presents a simple example of manually connecting LTE UE device to LTE basestation. It will use two nodes in the main ORBIT grid equipped with Netgear AC341u LTE dongles to connect to the same LTE basestation and then measure the throughput between them by runing iperf client and server.
Prerequisites
This tutorial series assumes you have an ORBIT account, have scheduled a session on the ORBIT testbed, are familiar with SSH'ing into the testbed itself, and are familiar with the basics of running ORBIT experiments. If you have not done these things yet, you may wish to do so before taking a look at this slightly more advanced experiment. If you are unfamiliar with or are entirely new to ORBIT, you may wish to start here.
Set up
As a first step of this tutorial you need to
create grid reservation
Creating a Reservation
Before you can access the testbed, you need to make a reservation for a particular domain and get it approved by the reservation service.
First time users are highly encouraged to reserve time on a sandbox instead of the main grid, and start with the provided "Hello World" experiment.
Login into reserved domain: ssh username@grid.orbit-lab.org
Login into reserved domain
During your approved time slot, you will be able to ssh into the console of the respective domain. A console is a dedicated machine that allows access to all resources in that domain.
For example, to access the sandbox1:
yourhost>ssh username@console.sb1.orbit-lab.org Using username "username". Authenticating with public key "xxxxxxxxx" Welcome to Ubuntu 12.04.1 LTS (GNU/Linux 3.2.0-36-generic x86_64) * Documentation: https://help.ubuntu.com/ System information as of Mon Jan 28 20:25:50 EST 2013 System load: 0.0 Processes: 93 Usage of /: 2.7% of 69.43GB Users logged in: 0 Memory usage: 6% IP address for eth0: 10.50.18.10 Swap usage: 0% IP address for eth1: 10.18.0.10 Graph this data and manage this system at https://landscape.canonical.com/ 9 packages can be updated. 0 updates are security updates. |-----------------------------------------------------------------| | *** For authorized use only *** | | This system is for the use of authorized users only. All users | | are expected to comply with the "Acceptable Use Policy" availa- | | ble at http://www.orbit-lab.org/AUP.html | | Individuals using this computer system, are subject to having | | all of their activities on this system monitored and recorded | | by system personnel. | | | | Anyone using this system expressly consents to such monitoring | | and is advised that if such monitoring reveals possible | | evidence of criminal activity, system personnel may provide the | | evidence of such monitoring to law enforcement officials. | | | | Email question, comments or problems to help@orbit-lab.org | |-----------------------------------------------------------------| username@console.sb1:~$
Load an image on the nodes: omf load -i baseline.ndz -t node1-7node7-1
Load an Image
- Before we begin using the nodes, it's a good idea to check their status first. This is done with the omf stat command.
omf stat
This omf command is used to display the power status of the node/domain.
Usage: omf stat
username@consoles.outdoor:omf stat Returns the status of the nodes in a testbed Usage: omf-5.4 stat [-h] [-s] [-t TOPOLOGY] [-c AGGREGATE] With: -h, --help print this help message -s, --summary print a summary of the node status for the testbed -c, --config AGGREGATE use testbed AGGREGATE -t, --topology TOPOLOGY a valid topology file or description (defaults to 'system:topo:all') Some Examples: omf-5.4 stat omf-5.4 stat -s omf-5.4 stat -t omf.nicta.node1,omf.nicta.node2 -c sb1 omf-5.4 stat -t system:topo:all -c gridIndividual nodes are identified in the output of stat command by their fully qualified domain name (FQDN). This establishes their "coordinates" and the "domain" to which they belong. Nodes in different domains typically can NOT see each other. Node can be in 1 of 3 states:
POWEROFF Node is Available for use but turned off POWERON Node is Available and is on NOT REGISTERED Node is not Available for use Example: omf stat on the outdoor domain
user@console.outdoor:~# omf stat -t all INFO NodeHandler: OMF Experiment Controller 5.4 (git 6d34264) INFO NodeHandler: Slice ID: default_slice (default) INFO NodeHandler: Experiment ID: default_slice-2012-10-14t14.42.15-04.00 INFO NodeHandler: Message authentication is disabled INFO Experiment: load system:exp:stdlib INFO property.resetDelay: value = 210 (Fixnum) INFO property.resetTries: value = 1 (Fixnum) INFO Experiment: load system:exp:eventlib INFO Experiment: load system:exp:stat INFO Topology: Loading topology ''. INFO property.nodes: value = "system:topo:all" (String) INFO property.summary: value = false (FalseClass) INFO Topology: Loading topology 'system:topo:all'. Talking to the CMC service, please wait ----------------------------------------------- Domain: outdoor.orbit-lab.org Node: node3-6.outdoor.orbit-lab.org State: NOT REGISTERED Node: node3-3.outdoor.orbit-lab.org State: POWEROFF Node: node2-10.outdoor.orbit-lab.org State: POWEROFF Node: node1-10.outdoor.orbit-lab.org State: POWEROFF Node: node1-8.outdoor.orbit-lab.org State: POWERON Node: node1-6.outdoor.orbit-lab.org State: POWERON Node: node3-2.outdoor.orbit-lab.org State: POWEROFF Node: node3-1.outdoor.orbit-lab.org State: POWEROFF Node: node1-3.outdoor.orbit-lab.org State: POWERON Node: node3-5.outdoor.orbit-lab.org State: POWEROFF Node: node2-5.outdoor.orbit-lab.org State: NOT REGISTERED Node: node1-2.outdoor.orbit-lab.org State: POWERON ----------------------------------------------- INFO Experiment: Switching ON resources which are OFF INFO EXPERIMENT_DONE: Event triggered. Starting the associated tasks. INFO NodeHandler: INFO NodeHandler: Shutting down experiment, please wait... INFO NodeHandler: INFO run: Experiment default_slice-2012-10-14t14.42.15-04.00 finished after 0:6
- It is recommended that the node be in the POWEROFF state prior to any experiment process. If the node is in the POWERON state you can use the omf tell command to get the node into the off state.
omf tell
OMF command to control the power state/reset the nodes.
Usage: omf tell
user@console:omf tell Switch ON/OFF and reboot the nodes in a testbed Usage: omf tell [-h] -t TOPOLOGY -a ACTION [-c AGGREGATE] With: -h, --help print this help message -a, --action ACTION specify an action ACTION: on turn node(s) ON offs turn node(s) OFF (soft) offh turn node(s) OFF (hard) reboot reboots node(s) (soft) reset resets node(s) (hard) -h, --help print this help message -t, --topology TOPOLOGY a valid topology file or description (MANDATORY) -c, --config AGGREGATE use testbed AGGREGATE Some Examples: omf tell -a reset -t node1-1.grid.orbit-lab.org omf tell -a on -t system:topo:all -c grid omf tell -a reboot -t node1-1 omf tell -a offh -t [1..2,1..5] omf tell -a offh -t system:topo:all omf tell -a reset -t system:topo:imagedThe commands are: on, offh (equivalent to pulling out the power cord), offs (software shutdown), reboot (software reboot) and reset (hardware reset).
Example: turn off node1-1 on the outdoor domain
user@console.outdoor:~# omf tell -a offh -t node1-1 INFO NodeHandler: OMF Experiment Controller 5.4 (git 3fb37b9) INFO NodeHandler: Reading configuration file /etc/omf-expctl-5.4/services.yaml INFO NodeHandler: Add domain http - http://internal1.orbit-lab.org:5054/ INFO NodeHandler: Add domain http - http://repository1.orbit-lab.org:5054/ INFO NodeHandler: Slice ID: default_slice (default) INFO NodeHandler: Experiment ID: default_slice-2014-09-30t00.24.28.504-04.00 INFO NodeHandler: Message authentication is disabled INFO Experiment: load system:exp:stdlib INFO property.resetDelay: resetDelay = 230 (Fixnum) INFO property.resetTries: resetTries = 1 (Fixnum) INFO Experiment: load system:exp:eventlib INFO Experiment: load system:exp:winlib INFO Experiment: load system:exp:tell INFO property.nodes: nodes = "node1-1" (String) INFO property.command: command = "offh" (String) Talking to the CMC service, please wait ----------------------------------------------- Node: node1-1.outdoor.orbit-lab.org Reply: OK ----------------------------------------------- INFO EXPERIMENT_DONE: Event triggered. Starting the associated tasks. INFO NodeHandler: INFO NodeHandler: Shutting down experiment, please wait... INFO NodeHandler: INFO run: Experiment default_slice-2014-09-30t00.24.28.504-04.00 finished after 0:10
- Once node set is on an POWEROFF state, load an image with omf load command
omf load
Load command is used to put an image onto the hard disk of the node.
Usage: omf load
Install a given disk image on the nodes in a testbed Usage: omf-5.4 load [-h] [-i IMAGE_PATH] [-o TIMEOUT] [-t TOPOLOGY] [-c AGGREGATE] With: -h, --help print this help message -c, --config AGGREGATE use testbed AGGREGATE -t, --topology TOPOLOGY a valid topology file or description (defaults to 'system:topo:all') (if a file 'TOPOLOGY' doesn't exist, interpret it as a comma-separated list of nodes) -i, --image IMAGE disk image to load (default is 'baseline.ndz', the latest stable baseline image) -o, --timeout TIMEOUT a duration (in sec.) after which imageNodes should stop waiting for nodes that have not finished their image installation (default is 800 sec, i.e. 13min 20sec) --outpath PATH Path where the resulting Topologies should be saved (default is '/tmp') --outprefix PREFIX Prefix to use for naming the resulting Topologies (default is your experiment ID) Some Examples: omf-5.4 load omf-5.4 load -t system:topo:all -i baseline-2.4.ndz omf-5.4 load -t omf.nicta.node1 -i wireless-2.6.ndz omf-5.4 load -t omf.nicta.node1,omf.nicta.node2 -i baseline.ndz -o 400 omf-5.4 load -t system:topo:circle -i my_Own_Image.ndz omf-5.4 load -t my_Own_Topology -i baseline-2.2.ndz -t 600 -c grid omf-5.4 load -t my_Own_Topology --outpath ./ --outprefix my_Own_PrefixTwo important arguments are TOPOLOGY describing the set of nodes one wishes to image , and !IMAGE specifying the name of the image one wants to load the nodes with. If the imaging process does not does not finish within the default timeout period, that period can be increase by using the -o flag (e.g. -o 1600). Typical command to load both nodes of sandbox 1 with the baseline image would look like:
If the node is in the NOT REGISTERED state, you may need to wait for it to recover the POWEROFF state (it some times requires a few moments for the services to sync up). If the node takes more than 60 seconds to come out of the NODE NOT AVAILABLE state please report it to an administrator.Example: omf load-i baseline.ndz -t node1-1
username@console.sb3:~$ omf load -i baseline.ndz -t node1-1 DEBUG FQDN:console.sb3.orbit-lab.org: INFO NodeHandler: OMF Experiment Controller 5.4 (git 861d645) INFO NodeHandler: Reading configuration file /etc/omf-expctl-5.4/services.yaml INFO NodeHandler: Add domain http - http://internal1.orbit-lab.org:5054/ INFO NodeHandler: Add domain http - http://repository1.orbit-lab.org:5054/ INFO NodeHandler: Add domain http - http://external1.orbit-lab.org:5054/ INFO NodeHandler: Slice ID: pxe_slice INFO NodeHandler: Experiment ID: pxe_slice-2018-08-08t13.41.37.814-04.00 INFO NodeHandler: Message authentication is disabled INFO Experiment: load system:exp:stdlib INFO property.resetDelay: resetDelay = 230 (Fixnum) INFO property.resetTries: resetTries = 1 (Fixnum) INFO Experiment: load system:exp:eventlib INFO Experiment: load system:exp:winlib INFO Experiment: load system:exp:imageNode INFO property.nodes: nodes = "node1-1" (String) INFO property.image: image = "baseline.ndz" (String) INFO property.domain: domain = "sb3.orbit-lab.org" (String) INFO property.outpath: outpath = "/tmp" (String) INFO property.outprefix: outprefix = "pxe_slice-2018-08-08t13.41.37.814-04.00" (String) INFO property.timeout: timeout = 800 (Fixnum) INFO property.resize: resize = nil (NilClass) INFO Topology: Loaded topology 'system:topo:registered'. INFO property.resetDelay: resetDelay = 100 (Fixnum) INFO Experiment: Resetting resources INFO stdlib: Waiting for nodes (Up/Down/Total): 0/1/1 - (still down: node1-1.sb3.orbit-lab.org) [0 sec.] INFO stdlib: Waiting for nodes (Up/Down/Total): 0/1/1 - (still down: node1-1.sb3.orbit-lab.org) [10 sec.] INFO stdlib: Waiting for nodes (Up/Down/Total): 0/1/1 - (still down: node1-1.sb3.orbit-lab.org) [20 sec.] INFO stdlib: Waiting for nodes (Up/Down/Total): 0/1/1 - (still down: node1-1.sb3.orbit-lab.org) [30 sec.] INFO stdlib: Waiting for nodes (Up/Down/Total): 0/1/1 - (still down: node1-1.sb3.orbit-lab.org) [40 sec.] INFO stdlib: Waiting for nodes (Up/Down/Total): 0/1/1 - (still down: node1-1.sb3.orbit-lab.org) [50 sec.] INFO exp: Progress(0/0/1): 0/0/0 min(node1-1.sb3.orbit-lab.org)/avg/max (59) - Timeout: 790 sec. INFO ALL_UP: Event triggered. Starting the associated tasks. INFO BRING_UP: Event triggered. Starting the associated tasks. INFO Experiment: Bringing up resources INFO exp: Progress(0/0/1): 50/50/50 min(node1-1.sb3.orbit-lab.org)/avg/max (59) - Timeout: 780 sec. INFO exp: Progress(0/0/1): 80/80/80 min(node1-1.sb3.orbit-lab.org)/avg/max (59) - Timeout: 770 sec. INFO exp: Progress(1/0/1): 100/100/100 min()/avg/max (59) - Timeout: 760 sec. INFO exp: ----------------------------- INFO exp: Imaging Process Done INFO exp: 1 node successfully imaged - Topology saved in '/tmp/pxe_slice-2018-08-08t13.41.37.814-04.00-topo-success.rb' INFO exp: ----------------------------- INFO EXPERIMENT_DONE: Event triggered. Starting the associated tasks. INFO NodeHandler: INFO NodeHandler: Shutting down experiment, please wait... INFO NodeHandler: INFO NodeHandler: Shutdown flag is set - Turning Off the resources INFO run: Experiment pxe_slice-2018-08-08t13.41.37.814-04.00 finished after 1:44
- Before we begin using the nodes, it's a good idea to check their status first. This is done with the omf stat command.
- Turn the nodes back on (give them some time and check their status with omf stat before proceeding).
Turn on the nodes: omf tell -a on -t system:topo:imaged
Turn the Nodes ON
To turn the nodes on use omf tell command:
omf tell
OMF command to control the power state/reset the nodes.
Usage: omf tell
user@console:omf tell Switch ON/OFF and reboot the nodes in a testbed Usage: omf tell [-h] -t TOPOLOGY -a ACTION [-c AGGREGATE] With: -h, --help print this help message -a, --action ACTION specify an action ACTION: on turn node(s) ON offs turn node(s) OFF (soft) offh turn node(s) OFF (hard) reboot reboots node(s) (soft) reset resets node(s) (hard) -h, --help print this help message -t, --topology TOPOLOGY a valid topology file or description (MANDATORY) -c, --config AGGREGATE use testbed AGGREGATE Some Examples: omf tell -a reset -t node1-1.grid.orbit-lab.org omf tell -a on -t system:topo:all -c grid omf tell -a reboot -t node1-1 omf tell -a offh -t [1..2,1..5] omf tell -a offh -t system:topo:all omf tell -a reset -t system:topo:imagedThe commands are: on, offh (equivalent to pulling out the power cord), offs (software shutdown), reboot (software reboot) and reset (hardware reset).
Example: turn off node1-1 on the outdoor domain
user@console.outdoor:~# omf tell -a offh -t node1-1 INFO NodeHandler: OMF Experiment Controller 5.4 (git 3fb37b9) INFO NodeHandler: Reading configuration file /etc/omf-expctl-5.4/services.yaml INFO NodeHandler: Add domain http - http://internal1.orbit-lab.org:5054/ INFO NodeHandler: Add domain http - http://repository1.orbit-lab.org:5054/ INFO NodeHandler: Slice ID: default_slice (default) INFO NodeHandler: Experiment ID: default_slice-2014-09-30t00.24.28.504-04.00 INFO NodeHandler: Message authentication is disabled INFO Experiment: load system:exp:stdlib INFO property.resetDelay: resetDelay = 230 (Fixnum) INFO property.resetTries: resetTries = 1 (Fixnum) INFO Experiment: load system:exp:eventlib INFO Experiment: load system:exp:winlib INFO Experiment: load system:exp:tell INFO property.nodes: nodes = "node1-1" (String) INFO property.command: command = "offh" (String) Talking to the CMC service, please wait ----------------------------------------------- Node: node1-1.outdoor.orbit-lab.org Reply: OK ----------------------------------------------- INFO EXPERIMENT_DONE: Event triggered. Starting the associated tasks. INFO NodeHandler: INFO NodeHandler: Shutting down experiment, please wait... INFO NodeHandler: INFO run: Experiment default_slice-2014-09-30t00.24.28.504-04.00 finished after 0:10
Access the node with:
ssh root@node1-7
Loading the driver
By default in the baseline ORBIT image does not enable any wireless devices. Therefore, the first thing when manually configuring the device is to load drivers; the following 2 lines will load the Sierra wireless Netgear LTE dongle drivers:
modprobe GobiSerial modprobe GobiNet
Connecting to the device
Control of the device is done over the serial port that is created by the driver (in this case /dev/ttyUSB1) through a sequence of AT commands and you can use your favorite serial port communication program to talk to it; in this tutorial we will use Minicom. To start to program execute:
minicom -D /dev/ttyUSB1
Managing the LTE connection
Once in minicom, one can issue series of commands to the LTE modem typically consisting of:
a.) Configure modem for pass-through mode:
AT!ippassthrough?
It should return 1 . If it does not, run the following commands:
AT!ippassthrough=1AT!entercnd="A710"AT!dxcfg=profile,Autoconnect,NeverAT!reset
which will reset the modem.
b.)
AT!entercnd="A710"
You should see OK
c.) Connect to the basestation:
AT!dxcfg=wwan,connect,11
You should see OK shortly followed by $QCRMCALL: 1, V4
d.) Check the status of the connection:
at!gstatus?
Will return a status like:
at!gstatus? !GSTATUS: Current Time: 10049 Temperature: 42 Bootup Time: 0 Mode: ONLINE System mode: LTE PS state: Attached LTE band: B25 LTE bw: 10 MHz LTE Rx chan: 8365 LTE Tx chan: 26365 EMM state: Registered Normal Service RRC state: RRC Connected IMS reg state: No Srv RSSI (dBm): -83 Tx Power: 0 RSRP (dBm): -117 TAC: 0001 (1) RSRQ (dB): -10 Cell ID: 01A2D001 (27447297) SINR (dB): 1.6
The LTE link is established. Exit Minicom by PRESSING Ctrl+A followed by x, then enter to select OK option.
Testing the connection
Once the modem is connected, we need to fix the default routing to use the new LTE link, as well as assign an address. First, to remove the existing default route, run:
ip r del default
Then, we run a dhcp client on the new interface (in this case eth2).
dhcpcd eth2
The node should get an address in the 192.168.3.0/24 subnet (any existing dhcpd instance on eth2 has to be killed).
Once routing tables are adjusted, ICMP can be used to test connectivity with the default gateway:
ping 192.168.3.1
resulting in:
root@node1-7:~# ping 192.168.3.1 PING 192.168.3.1 (192.168.3.1) 56(84) bytes of data. 64 bytes from 192.168.3.1: icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=44.9 ms 64 bytes from 192.168.3.1: icmp_seq=2 ttl=64 time=42.8 ms
The ping can be canceled with Ctrl+C. More elaborate link performance test can be done by using iperf between multiple nodes that are connected to the basestation.
Reconnecting the client
Use minicom (or any other serial port program) to issue a set of AT commands to reset the connection. Commands are:
AT!reset
(NOTE: after the AT!reset command the minicom will display the popup window that the connection was lost- one has to wait for the pop-up to go away before proceeding)
AT!entercnd="A710" AT!dxcfg=wwan,connect,11
The output should look like:
root@node1-7:~# minicom -D /dev/ttyUSB1
Welcome to minicom 2.7
OPTIONS: I18n
Compiled on Jan 1 2014, 17:13:19.
Port /dev/ttyUSB1, 06:02:02
Press CTRL-A Z for help on special keys
AT
OK
AT!reset
OK
AT!entercnd="A710"
OK
AT!dxcfg=wwan,connect,11
OK
$QCRMCALL: 1, V4
at!gstatus?
!GSTATUS: gets the IP address, de
Current Time: 58 Temperature: 28
Bootup Time: 6 Mode: ONLINE
System mode: LTE PS state: Attached
LTE band: B25 LTE bw: 10 MHz
LTE Rx chan: 8365 LTE Tx chan: 26365
EMM state: Registered Normal Service
RRC state: RRC Connected
IMS reg state: No Srv
RSSI (dBm): -69 Tx Power: -33
RSRP (dBm): -90 TAC: 0001 (1)
RSRQ (dB): -5 Cell ID: 01A2D001 (27447297)
SINR (dB): 21.2
OK
Once connection is reset, dhcp lease needs to be renewed and new default route added again; if there is already dhcpd session it needs to be terminated:
root@node1-7:~# dhcpcd eth2 err, eth2: dhcpcd already running on pid 2071 (/var/run/dhcpcd-eth2.pid) root@node1-7:~# kill 2071 root@node1-7:~# dhcpcd eth2 root@node1-7:~# dhcpcd.sh: interface eth2 has been configured with new IP=192.168.3.2 root@node1-7:~# route add default eth2 root@node1-7:~#
